화엄 사상의 특징들
2006-11-25 관리자
[화엄 사상의 특징들]
화엄 사상은 일반 불교와는 뚜렷이 다른 몇 가지 차잇점이 있습니다.
화엄의 특징을 세 가지 관점에서 간단히 말씀드립니다.
(자세한 것은 다음 기회에)
1.전체적 입장에서 통찰
화엄은 언제나 전체적 관점에서 사물을 통찰합니다.
그러므로 화엄의 세계는 언제나 '완전한 세계'입니다.
부분으로 볼 때는 늘 모자라고 미흡한 것이 이 세상이지만,
전체적으로 볼 때는 언제나 완전한 것이 또한 이 세상입니다.
새옹지마의 고사에서 보듯,
사건 하나 하나에만 집중하면 언제나 아쉬움이 남지만,
사건 전체를 조명하면 모든 것은 처음부터 완벽합니다.
이와 같이 화엄은 언제나 전체적 관점에서 시간과 공간을 봅니다.
그러므로 화엄은 '돈오'의 세계입니다.
2.깨달음이 이미 이루어진 뒤의 세계를 설명
화엄경에 설해진 여러 세계는, 다른 불경과는 달리
이미 깨달음이 이루어진 다음의 세계를 대상으로 하고 있습니다.
그러므로 화엄의 세계에서 깨달음은 길가의 돌멩이처럼 흔한 것입니다.
화엄경은 깨달음이 중요한 게 아니라 깨달음은 이미 이루어졌고,
따라서 깨달음 이후에 전개되는 세상에 중점을 둡니다.
깨달음을 이룬 뒤에 필연코 따라야할, 완전무결한 행복의 세계,
또 그러한 세계를 이루어 나가는
각자(覺者) 개개인의 창조행에 초점이 맞춰진 것입니다.
가령 아상(我相)의 경우,
다른 불경에는 아상을 없애라!고 가르치지만,
화엄은 아상이 이미 없는 사람들이 이루어나가는 세계를 전개하고 있습니다.
그러니 화엄에서 '아상 운운'은 너무나 우스운 이야기인 것입니다.
선업의 경우도,
화엄의 선업은 복을 받으려고 짓는 선업(有位的 善業)이 아니라
이미 성위(聖位)에 오른 중생들이 악업을 지을래야 지을 수 없기에
벌어지는 선업(無爲的 善業)의 세계를 이야기합니다.
그러니 화엄에서는 우리가 그렇게 애타게 구하는
깨달음, 복, 업장 소멸 등등의 이야기가 무거운 짐이 아니라
정토의 황홀한 노래 소리처럼 다가오게 됩니다.
3.동시 성불-화엄은 언제나 범부 중생들과 함께 간다!
화엄은 언제나 범부 중생들과 함께 갑니다.
화엄에 나오는 수많은 보살들은, 결코 혼자 이상의 세계로 가는 법이 없습니다.
불같은 정열, 끝나지 않는 서원으로 업장 깊고 박복한 이웃들과 끝까지 함께 갑니다.
그것도 처음, 중간, 끝이 조금도 다름없는
한결같은 서원과 비원(悲願)을 안고
대긍정의 세계, 모두가 행복한 영원의 나라로 한사코 함께 가는 것입니다.
그러므로 범부 중생들은
특별한 노력 없이(?)도 화엄의 세계에서는 모두 성불합니다.
불보살의 끝나지 않는 서원이 있기 때문입니다.
깨닫지 못해도, 업장이 깊어도 부처님만 떠나지 않으면 됩니다.
화엄경 보현행원품 맨 마지막에 나오는 '함께 정토로 가는 서원'은,
사바 세계에서 미처 제도하지 못한 한 중생마저도
보살이 삶을 마칠 때 극락 정토에 함께 모시고 감으로써,
기어코 모든 중생을 행복의 나라로 이끌고자 하는 끝없는 비원이 담긴 말씀입니다.
화엄 세상은 언제나 수많은 불보살의 다함없는 서원으로 가득 차 있습니다.
그런 이유로 모든 중생이 성불합니다.
자신이 노력하든 안 하든!
노력하는 중생은 그 노력 속에 불보살의 가피가 함께 하여 더욱더 빛을 발하고,
노력하지 않는 중생들 역시 더 없는 불보살의 깊은 비원이 작동하므로
업장과 무명을 안고 환희의 세계로 저절로 가게 됩니다.
허공이 끝없고 중생이 끝없으므로 보살의 서원도 끝이 없다는 말씀이,
화엄경 전체에 걸쳐 틈만 나면 나오는 것도 이런 이유 때문입니다.
普賢合掌
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